Kairós: Revista Acadêmica da Prainha

Interview with Professor Custodio Almeida

2025-01-24T12:13:33-03:00

On the morning of July 23, 2024, professors Vicente Brazil, representing the State University of Ceará (UECE), and Lara Rocha, representing the Catholic Faculty of Fortaleza (FCF), were received at the Office of the Rector of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Prof. Dr. Custódio Almeida, for an interview lasting just over an hour. The six main questions highlighted formed the basis for the study, which aimed to understand the process of institutionalization of philosophy in the state, as well as the characteristics of philosophical reflection motivated by the particularities of Ceará. The theme for these questions is the core of the commemorative issue of the two decades of the founding of Kairós: Revista de Filosofia, which houses the Dossier “Filosofia em Terras Alencarinas”, using the celebration to promote a look at philosophy carried out by higher education institutions and researchers from Ceará.

Interview with Professor Doctor Father Francisco de Aquino Junior

2025-01-24T12:29:08-03:00

Interview with Professor Doctor Father Francisco de Aquino Junior.

Full Content

2025-01-23T16:11:30-03:00

Full content of Kairós: Revista Acadêmica da Prainha (v. 20, n. 2, 2024).

Editorial

2025-01-23T16:33:28-03:00

Editorial of Kairós: Revista Acadêmica da Prainha (v. 20, n. 2, 2024).

Mimesis and its perduration in art: from material reality to immaterial spirituality

2024-06-03T20:18:43-03:00

This text proposes a punctual analysis of some of the main interpretations that the concept of mimesis has acquired throughout the history of Western art. We begin our approach with a special focus on two conceptions from classical Greek philosophy. First, we address the understanding of mimesis in the thought of Plato, who, in turn, directs a vehement critique against the way art in general represents its contents. Secondly, we delve into the thought of Aristotle, identifying in his work an appreciation of art as mimesis, where we demarcate his departure from the Platonic view. Next, we set off to present a number of examples that identify the most emphatic segments of the classical elaboration of the concept of mimesis from the 16th to the 19th century, as the art of imitation gradually reaches its pinnacle. Finally, we examine and question to what extent contemporary art, despite all the deconstruction it has carried out concerning the arts of the past, still maintains indelible connections with the imitative purpose.

The relevance of social movements in the 1988 Constitution: democracy, human rights and persistent challenges

2023-10-21T16:14:16-03:00

This article aims to addresses the relevance of social movements in the construction of the Brazilian Constitution of 1988, highlighting their persistent and active role throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Popular participation was crucial in the constituent process, allowing the voice of the people to be incorporated into the highest law of the country. The 1988 Constitution represents a democratic milestone in Brazil's history and ensures comprehensive protection of human rights. However, despite the robust constitutional framework, challenges remain in the effective realization of these rights. The work also emphasizes the importance of collective action by civil society, social movements, and the State in promoting public policies that guarantee equal opportunities and well-being for all citizens.

Dom Lino Deodato Rodrigues de Carvalho: a Bishop from Ceará in the Church in São Paulo

2024-06-25T13:57:10-03:00

Dom Lino Deodato Rodrigues de Carvalho was a bishop who was very concerned with the realities of Brazil and lived strongly in the Church in São Paulo between 1873 and 1894. Coming from Ceará, he followed the profound changes of the last quarter of the nineteenth century in São Paulo. Both the Brazilian Society and the Church present in São Paulo needed a well-prepared man and a bishop capable of perceiving and carrying out the urgent transformations. He devoted his entire episcopate to the Pastoral Visits, the Pastoral Letters, and the First Synod in São Paulo in 1888. A man and bishop of his time, he undertook an excellent sense of humanity and a valiant episcopal ministry. Remembering the 130th anniversary of his death in 1894 and on the occasion of the 280th anniversary of the creation of the Archdiocese of São Paulo (1745-2025), let us remember the valiant bishop, who was in the Paulopolitan Church for 21 years.

Pressure groups in Brazil

2024-08-28T08:22:15-03:00

The pressure groups born from the human need to live collectively. And inside of a political regime (especially a democratic one) that they play fundamental role in representing interests before public instances, especially the legislative and executive ones. This action (act or activity) consists of lobby, which deserves further studies in Brazil and from the perspective of the 1988 Constitution. And more: just like in Italy, the Brazil desserve studies that identify the constitutionality of pressure groups, here understood as lobby. What is a pressure group, its difference from the interests groups, the derivation to the lobby (in a legal-professional concept) na the constitutional fundaments found in Brazil Constitutional Chart of 1988 are subject of this article, which will address the issue of pressure groups through qualitative analysis, with literary and documental references, exploring the situation that exists mainly in brazilian doctrine (compared to other foreign doctrines), but with na eminently normative intent.

Education as the conquest of the human by the human being in Manfredo Oliveira

2025-01-23T17:07:39-03:00

This article examines education from the philosophical perspective of Manfredo Araújo de Oliveira, with an emphasis on his article “Educação e ética”, published in 2010. The study situates the issue within the context of Oliveira’s thought, particulary his project to transcend a subject-centred philosophy. It then explores the topic thtough the lens of “autonomy in solidarity”, a concept that highlights the constitutive openness of the human being in their relationships with others, with the world and with the Totally Other.

The institutionalization of philosophy in the state of Ceará - the case of UECE

2025-01-23T19:57:47-03:00

Understanding the philosophical thought developed in Alencarina lands cannot do without an incursion into the trajectory of Philosophy that flourished in the institutional sphere with the creation in 1975 of the Licentiate Course in Philosophy at the State University of Ceará and the creation of the Bachelor's Degree in 1984. In this article we immersed ourselves in the documents (laws, decrees, pedagogical projects, reformulation proposals...) to present the trajectory of the Course in the period from 1975 to 2008, analyzing the curricular structures implemented in this period. The documentary and bibliographic research allowed us to understand that the curricular structuring not restricted enumeration of disciplines and credits, has an underlying conception of philosophy and the training of its actors/protagonists and has the mark of those who, at a certain historical moment, under certain conditions formed the collegiate of the course and proposed to think, propose, elaborate, redefine its design, from this perspective we understand curriculum as a social construction that guides educational practices and shows an option historically configured. We can identify that the conception of the Course's training is based on the History of Philosophy, which is in line with the legislation that regulates the Undergraduate Courses in Philosophy and is materialized in the disciplines of History of Philosophy, but also in the historiographical approach of disciplines such as Logic, Ethics, Epistemology... Another point that deserves to be highlighted is the reflection on the Bachelor's and Bachelor's Degree courses, their nature, objectives, there is a constant problematization that aims to explain what should characterize the training of the philosopher and Philosophy teacher.

The loss of tradition and the angel of History: a discussion between Hannah Arendt and Walter Benjamin

2025-01-23T20:17:03-03:00

According to Hannah Arendt, today the common world is threatened by the usurpation of the public sphere by private interests, making biological life the supreme good. The man of action has lost space to the man of work and consumption, the animal laborans. Totalitarian threat has proven that the process of de-worlding is possible to its ultimate consequences. This theoretical trace of Arendtian thought has driven us to seek to understand how this collapse of the common world occurred and whether there are still ways to preserve and renew it in full modernity. Therefore, faced with a society born out of the rupture with tradition, we choose to undertake, based on the thought of our author, a reflection between Hannah Arendt and Walter Benjamin. Both thinkers engage in a reflective and critical dialogue regarding tradition; they believe that even without a tradition to support and guide us, there is the possibility, akin to the Angel of History, to enter the field of ruins, look to the past, and extract some luminous marks from it. And, as our author tells us, to “plunge into the depths of the sea” and see “pearls and corals” in it, moments in history where we can give new meaning and thus convince ourselves that we cannot “turn our backs” on the world.

The tension between the God of faith and the God of philosophers in light of the contributions of Joseph Ratzinger's thought

2024-04-29T16:44:55-03:00

There is an evident tension between the God of faith and the God of philosophers, i.e., between the God who appears in religious narratives and experiences and the more abstract God who appears in philosophical reflections. The first one seems to be dynamic and strongly relational, while the other seems to be distant and closed in on itself. Although this tension is not new to Christianity, that is where Joseph Ratzinger focuses his attention. Thus, we will see how Ratzinger greatly contributes to understanding this debate and how his solution involves the radical proposal to revise philosophy itself. With that said, we will go through a long philosophical, historical, and theological itinerary, through which Ratzinger also passes, in order to understand the genesis of that tension, how it presented itself in Israel and among the early Christians, and how it unfolded throughout the history of Christianity, until we reach Ratzinger's solution to the issue.

Brentano’s theory of consciousness in the Psychology from an empirical standpoint and the problem of unconscious phenomena

2024-04-18T11:36:18-03:00

The article addresses the theory of consciousness proposed by Brentano in his Psychology. After an exposition about the concept of intentionality and the types of intentional phenomena, his view on the structure of mental phenomena – constituted by (a) presentations and (b) objects – is discussed. After that, the structure of conscious phenomena, which, according to Brentano, ensures that all mental phenomena are conscious is discussed as well. However, it is questionable that his arguments are successful, since he himself concedes that the existence of presentations of objects not accompanied by corresponding (secondary) presentations is conceivable. Moreover, his objections to the arguments for the existence of unconscious phenomena (the argument of unconscious causes, the argument of unconscious effects and the argument of the functional relation) turn out to be weak.

The master as overcoming the despair of the Self in the first part of Soren Kierkegaard's The Sickness of Death

2025-01-23T21:02:20-03:00

Despair, according to Anti-Climacus, is based on the synthesis in which the spirit is composed. The self is composed of a relationship that relates to itself and within this relationship lies the dialectical tension between the poles: finitude and infinity, temporal and eternal, freedom and necessity, that is, an unfinished synthetic relationship and disjointed. Therefore, the synthesis needs a third party to base it, and this third party in the relationship, according to Johannes Climacus, is the Master, who is the gift and the telos of the imbalance of the synthetic relationship. To this end, the Master, as the truth is, and the condition to obtain it, is the driving force for overcoming the despair of the Self, a slave to the unfinished synthesis.

The role of Catholic Seminaries in the introduction of philosophy in Ceará

2024-09-02T17:05:02-03:00

The Catholic Church played a fundamental role in the institutionalization of Philosophy in the Western world. It is enough to recall its contribution in the medieval period in safeguarding ancient manuscripts, in the work of copyists, in the translations and commentaries of the works of classical philosophers, and in the creation of Universities, based on the Cathedral Schools. In this sense, our research intends to present in general terms the role of Catholic Seminaries in the insertion of Philosophy in Ceará between the 19th and 20th centuries. First, we present a brief history of the insertion of Philosophy in Brazilian lands through the religious congregations of the Catholic Church (Colonial and Imperial periods). Then, we highlight the main Seminaries in Ceará, especially the Prainha Seminary (Fortaleza), and finally, we emphasize its importance in the constitution of a philosophical culture in our State.

Being and Becoming at the beginning of the Science of Logic and the notion of Truth in the introduction of the Phenomenology of the Spirit: roots and assumptions of the hegelian proposal

2024-05-09T01:28:56-03:00

The objective of this work is to offer an articulation of the thoughts of G.F.W. Hegel (1770-1831) based on the notions of Being and Becoming as a starting point for the Science of Logic and the concept of Truth in the Introduction to the Phenomenology of Spirit. These fundamental concepts make it possible not only to examine the principle from which the author starts to build his system, but a kind of trail that points to an arrival point. The relatively recent interest in the Science of Logic as a basis for an adequate understanding of the systematization of determinations of reality sheds light on the problem of the beginning and possibility of philosophy. Being, as a starting point, must find a place in consciousness for further determinations, especially in the treatment of truth, most clearly at the beginning of the Phenomenology of Spirit. We think we find in these two fundamental loci sufficient notions of the way in which Hegel proposes the determinations of being as reality for consciousness, as truth. Here it will be enough to assert an “ontology of truth” as a principle of philosophy.

Becoming just in Plato's Republic

2025-01-23T21:44:05-03:00

This article, entitled Becoming Just in Plato's Republic, is based on the dialogues found in books I and II, on the initial discussion of the theme of Justice. It seeks to describe the points of view of the characters presented there by Plato, taking into account the political and social context of the work, as well as the literary perspective in which Plato develops his narrative arc to present the concept of Justice initially in books I and II. Next, a presentation of the concept of mimesis in Plato's work is made, which serves as a hermeneutical key to the answer to becoming just in the Republic.

Transhumanism: Post-humanity or sub-humanity?

2024-09-21T19:11:55-03:00

We live in a post-Christian, post-modern, nihilistic society. The current proponents of the transhumanist worldview usually say that this process of transformation of post-modern man into the post-human superman will be something inescapable, inevitable, and will collide with human history in not too long. This article aims to analyze the foundations and precursors of the technological nihilist thought, the philosophical ideas behind the transhumanist movement, its proposals for the posthuman man, bringing up the comments of its main theorists, its anthropological and soteriological proposal through technology, as well as bringing other points of view, from the vision of these authors, about bioethical and neuroethics issues concerning this transhuman future.